What is the Medicaid gap?
If you don’t have access to health insurance coverage through your employer, what do you do? Fortunately, many low-income Americans can access health coverage, and healthcare, through Medicaid. But what if you earn too much to qualify for Medicaid in your state? And can’t afford to pay the premiums to buy insurance? Meet the Medicaid gap.
What is the Medicaid gap?
What happens if you do not have health insurance through your job? And if you don’t earn enough to be able to afford to buy your own Marketplace plan (aka Obamacare or Affordable Care Act insurance)? But you also make too much to qualify for Medicaid where you live? Welcome to the Medicaid gap.
Today, there are 2 million Americans living in the Medicaid gap. And unfortunately, these 2 million people could have coverage if their states would opt into Medicaid expansion, as permitted by the Affordable Care Act.
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) intended for low-income adults to access healthcare coverage through Medicaid. However, states who have decided not to expand Medicaid have left health insurance inaccessible to many Americans. This has created a situation where the choice of some states has changed the blueprint for coverage as outlined by the ACA, resulting in millions of uninsured people in America. And this is the Medicaid gap.
Grab our guide to Medicaid to understand what Medicaid is and how it works.
What is Medicaid expansion?
One of the most critical things the Affordable Care Act did to health insurance access was Medicaid expansion. The original intention of the ACA was for all states to expand their Medicaid programs. This was to be accomplished through additional federal funds being allocated to the states’ Medicaid programs. The ACA made it so that all low-income individuals who earned 138 percent or less of the federal poverty could be eligible for Medicaid. (That translates to $17,774 for an individual in 2021.) A 2012 Supreme Court ruling changed this slightly. After this ruling, states had the choice whether to accept the additional funds and expand their Medicaid programs. As a result, as of 2021, all but 12 states have chosen to expand their Medicaid programs.
Medicaid eligibility is incredibly limited in the 12 states that did not choose to expand Medicaid. In these states, a person must earn 43 percent or less of the federal poverty level. That’s the equivalent of $9,442 for a family of three. In nearly all of these states, childless adults are ineligible for Medicaid coverage, regardless of their income level. And without Medicaid expansion, these same people are often left without health plans of their own. And without health insurance, they can’t afford and get the healthcare they need. This situation is the essence of the Medicaid gap.
What are the income limits for Medicaid 2021?
In 2021, the federal poverty level (FPL) for an individual is $12,880, $17,420 for a family of two, $21,960 for a family of three, and $26,500 for a family of four.
If you earn less than 100-200% of the federal poverty level and are pregnant, elderly, disabled, and the parent or caretaker of a child, you will most likely qualify for Medicaid in most states. In states that have expanded Medicaid programs, everyone earning at or below 138% of the federal poverty level is eligible for Medicaid coverage. In states that have not expanded coverage, childless adults may not qualify for coverage, regardless of their income level. And in these states, the income levels for qualification are incredibly limited. For example, in Alabama, a parent of two children must earn no more than 18% of the FPL to be Medicaid-eligible. In Texas, it’s only 17% of the FPL. In Missouri, 21%
Which states have not expanded Medicaid?
Right now, there are 12 states that have not expanded Medicaid: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
Wisconsin covers adults up to 100% of the FPL in Medicaid, though they have not adopted the ACA expansion.
It’s important to note that presently, four states have approved work requirements for Medicare eligibility, and many more are trying to do the same. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, only 6% of adult Medicaid enrollees are not already working. And even when working, adults enrolled in Medicaid face high rates of financial insecurity. That is, the mere fact of employment does not eradicate their low-income status or bring them out of poverty.
The other problem with the new trend of work requirements? One-third of all adult Medicaid enrollees never use a computer or the Internet, and an additional 40% do not use email. This means a significant number of enrollees who are already working would face barriers in complying with work reporting requirements. This also means that even if they meet the income requirements, they could still lose their Medicaid coverage.
What was Medicaid eligibility like before the ACA?
Medicaid is jointly funded by both the federal government and the states. States have to follow a set of federal guidelines, but then administer their own programs based on their own rules and policies.
Before the ACA, many low-income and uninsured individuals were not eligible for Medicaid. This is because the federal guidelines only guaranteed Medicaid coverage to low-income parents with dependent children, qualifying children and pregnant women, individuals with certain disabilities, and qualifying seniors over the age of 65. Some states allowed for additional group to be eligible, but some did not.
The ACA resulted in significant gains for Medicaid expansion. Under the ACA, Medicaid eligibility was expanded in states that opted into it. This meant that states could expand eligibility for their Medicaid programs for anyone earning up to 138% of the FPL. There were also increased outreach and enrollment efforts to help educate more people to help them figure out if they might be eligible for enrollment.
The ACA coverage provisions went into effect in January of 2014. By March of 2014, Medicaid and CHIP enrollment grew by more than 4.8 million people compared to the average monthly enrollment in the three months leading up to the start of Open Enrollment. And enrollment growth was even more significant in states that expanded Medicaid coverage: 12.9% vs. 2.6%.
What are my options if I fall into the Medicaid gap?
Both HealthCare.gov and HealthSherpa can help you assess all of your coverage options, including Medicaid. The only way to confirm whether or not you qualify for Medicaid is to fill out an application. Enrollment is year-round, so you can apply for Medicaid at any time.
You can also grab our guide to how to find a free clinic near you.
If you apply for Medicaid and are denied, see if there are any kinds of subsidies or tax credits that might allow you to afford Marketplace coverage. Again, until you fill out your application, you won’t be able to see what kinds of savings you might be eligible for. You can enter your zip code below to see available plans and what kinds of subsidies you qualify for.
If you have children, don’t forget that CHIP provides low-cost health insurance to children up to age 19 whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid in their state, but do not earn enough to be able to afford private insurance. In some places, CHIP also covers pregnant women. Every state runs and offers a CHIP insurance program for children.
46 states plus the District of Columbia make CHIP eligible for children whose families earn up to or above 200% of the Federal Poverty Level, or $50,200 for a family of four. 24 of these states offer CHIP eligibility to children in families who earn 250% or more of the Federal Poverty Level, or $62,750 for a family of four.
Every state runs their own CHIP program, and has different guidelines on CHIP eligibility, but you can apply for CHIP at any time. (And not just during the annual Open Enrollment Period for the health insurance Marketplace). If you qualify for CHIP, your coverage begins immediately.
You can also see our post on what to do if you fall into the Medicaid gap. We explain how to find a free clinic, get low-cost health care, and more.
What would happen if all states expanded Medicaid?
If all states expanded Medicaid, every one of the 2 million adults in the current Medicaid gap would gain eligibility. Furthermore, an additional 2 million uninsured adults who are right now eligible for Marketplace coverage and earn between 100 and 138% of the federal poverty level would also gain Medicaid eligibility. And while many of these 2 million Americans qualify for premium tax credits for their Marketplace coverage, Medicaid eligibility might translate into lower premiums and cost-sharing for them. And all of this means that literally more care becomes more affordable and available to more people. All that needs to happen is for every state to choose to expand Medicaid.
Conclusion
Medicaid expansion states have seen significant reductions to their uninsured rates, specifically among low-income people. As many low-income Americans are also members of vulnerable populations, this means more people who are most in need of reliable access to quality healthcare have now been able to get it. And not just that, but be able to get care affordable and without fear of further jeopardizing their financial security. Studies have routinely shown an association between Medicaid expansion and improved health outcomes. In other words, those who are most at-risk have been able to become healthier and have fewer financial burdens, all as a result of Medicaid expansion.
Each year, more and more states opt-in to Medicaid expansion, further reducing eliminating the Medicaid coverage gap. And in turn, this means with each new state that opts into Medicaid expansion, we’re that much closer to ensuring that all Americans can access the care they need, regardless of how much money they make.
Take off some of the things don’t really matters
You still didn’t answer what are the options for those who live in state’s that do not have Medicaid expansion and do nit earn enough fir Obamacare
Check out the section titled “What are my options if I fall into the Medicaid gap?”
1. See if you’re eligible for Medicaid by filling out an application here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
2. If you apply for Medicaid and are denied, see if you qualify for subsidies for a Marketplace plan here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/marketplace/zip_code
3. If you have children, don’t forget that CHIP provides low-cost health insurance to children up to age 19 whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid in their state, but do not earn enough to be able to afford private insurance. In some places, CHIP also covers pregnant women. Every state runs and offers a CHIP insurance program for children.
I have Medicaid Medicare and WellCare I am on disability and SSI
Jackpot!!
Ok I don’t have any income
If you unfortunately don’t qualify for Medicaid or ACA subsidies in your state, then your best option is to try to find free clinics (https://blog.healthsherpa.com/free-or-low-cost-medical-care/)
Bill y
you’re screwed is the short answer, you can go to a free clinic for minor crap but that won’t help you with daily meds or major medical : (
Need policy for my daughter she is getting master degree she has been on my policy but in Jan will be 26 she does have some medical issues
She can’t remain on your insurance after she’s 26, but she can search for a plan here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/marketplace/zip_code
I live in Tennessee. I am now on disability, had to switch to a Medicare supplement and lost my Medicaid. Therefore, my daughter lost her Medicaid as well at 20. She’s a full-time college student not working . What options would she have available for insurance?
Im trying to apply for insurance, I know today is open enrollment can you help.
Yup, go to healthsherpa.com to see plans or call us at (872) 228-2549
What happens when you draw a deceased husband’s social security
All types of Social Security income, whether taxable or not, received by a tax filer counts toward household income for eligibility purposes for both Medicaid and Marketplace financial assistance
I need to fill out application for medicaid
You can fill out an application here! https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
I was on Medicaid,but my son aged out,so i was cut off also. I do have health issues. But i have no income. Do i qualify for Medicaid.
You can see if you qualify here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
In the state of Georgia you can not qualify for subsidies if you don’t make over 12 thousand
In all states, you qualify for ACA subsidies if you make between 100% and 400% of the federal poverty line ($12,490 for an individual). The Affordable Care Act intended for those under the federal poverty line to be covered by Medicaid; however, 8 states have not expanded their Medicaid programs to include those people.
What if you don’t make that but make like 11000?
Depending on your state, you may qualify for Medicaid
I have medicaide but it says I only can go to the doctor once a year wat if or maybe you need surgery. Will take care of that
My son is 27 , needs health insurance but does not have employment. Resides at my address. How do I get him insurance without having my income come into it. It should be about him only.
It’s based on tax household. Call us if you need help! 844.661.9965
Does that mean that if I have a 27 year old daughter living at home with me, who is not workin, I would enter the total household income or just hers?
If you file taxes together, you have to put the total household income. If you file taxes separately from her, then you can just put her income.
My husband works a part time 10 dollar an hour job, we have two young children. We were all covered by medicaid. At the end of August my medicaid renewal was denied, my husband and our children still have coverage. I have bipolar 1 disorder and agoraphobia, and broke my foot on August 31st. Thankfully Medicaid still covered my emergency visit. I now have an outstanding orthopedic medical bill that I cannot afford to pay, and cannot see the doctor until the balance is paid. I’m still in a cast. With just my husbands income I cannot afford to pay of the bill. I have been paying out of pocket for the office visits, which put us in a bit of a financial bind. I have applied for disability, but have been told that I don’t have enough work credits to qualify. I have multiple medications that I have to pay full price out of pocket for. Luckily enough my mental health doctors helped me find Grant’s to cover my visits for 3 months at a time, but I can only use the grants for so long. What do I do??
You’d likely have to call your state office if they denied your Medicaid application.
Nesesito un seguro medico yebo operado del corazon 7 meses y no me han resuelto nada el seguro social por fabor nesesito ayuda todos medicamentos me los esgan pagando y las consultas medicas tambien grasias espero su respuesta en estos momentos no tengo mis medici as del corazon y las nesesito
Si necesitas seguro medico, llamanos a (872) 228-2549
If you make payments as little as $1-$5’s your medical bills cannot go to collections. You will be considered in good standing legally. Idk about your actual problem, I just want to help you prevent further problem arising. Once I went to the hospital my friend couldn’t pay her emergency bill at ($50k ish), I advocated for her and thanked them for saving her life. I said couldn’t we negotiate (a settlement ?). “I feel responsible for incurring it by carrying her nearly unconscious to that ER. I miss her at work in McDonalds.”. They FORGAVE HER BILL. Every hospital does that for 1 patient per year I was told.
I am 55 and have medicaid for family planning which it does not help me, I also in the medicaid gap and my state does not support medicaid expansions. I am having some medical problems and can not afford insurance. Every where I turn they always beat around the bush and can not give direct answers. I have been going at this for 5 months and still have no answers.
You can call us for help at 844.661.9965
We have taken in an 18 year old that has Medicaid and turns 19 in January. What kind of health insurance would she be able to get?
It depends on the state. You can learn more here (https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid) or call us for help!
Been working only part time and cannot get a verifiable income to use for insurance
Is Florida expanding Medicaid in the future?
You’d have to check with the Florida state office!
I make 30000 and I have 3 kids can I get chip
More info here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid Call us if you need help! 844.661.9965
I make 30.000 a year and I have 3 kids
Can I get chip
I have a 25 year old quadriplegic son on life support. He gets medicaid but because I am his only caregiver 24/7 I am not able to work snd I am not eligible for Medicaid. I dont file taxes so market place says i have to pay over $5]] a month for insurance. Florida is literally going to be the death if ne. I have epilepsy, PTSD, chronic depression and anxiety disorder. I cant get help. What am i supposed to do? I cant use my sons ssu to pay my medical i have no money of my own. What are people like me supposed to do? Just die?
As a graduating Honors student for Health and human services this is heartbreaking. You are an at home caregiver. You should have more resources available. Especially for medical. I know all too well of the insurance battle from the individuals I cared for. Since your son is terminal and you being his caregiver you need to be insured. What happens if you were to get sick and not be able to care for your son? This is an issues that the State of Florida must address. #WeAreAllInThisTogether
#StandUpFor1Another
We’re so sorry about your situation. You can call us at 844.661.9965 if you’d like.
I live in Texas and i have health issues but can’t afford the doctors visits and and i don’t qualify for medicade or medicade gap and cannot affor Obama care so how can I can get the financial help I need?
I’m on SSI I know I can get medicaid but I’m having trouble finding the website to apply is there away you can tell me. I live in Midland Tx. This is the very first time I’ve had so much problem.ive called the SSI office I’ve gotten the running round don’t understand because the people work there are sop to help you with that I’ve ask the foodstap office and got told to call 211 for help that was a nightmare calling that number couldn’t get a human to talk to all I got a computer voice and wouldnt understand what it was saying when I ask to get medicaid application it would say bye hang up at this time I don’t have a vehicle to go to either places I’m stuck at my apartment 24 /7 other when I take my 35 minutes walk I don’t know anyone are have any family that live here please if you know the website I need to go to email it me thank you hope heavenly father blesses you know and in 2020 Marry Christmas & happy New Year God bless
You can apply here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
I live in Texas. I was unable to work in 2019 and basically lived on my remaining savings. I have several medical issues and dont know how 2020 will be money wise. I have a friend who is helping out right now.
I am self employed and money has been slow.
I evidently don’t qualify for Healthcare.gov and it looks like maybe not even medicaid.
Don’t really know much about where help I can get.
Suggestions.
Check out the section titled “What are my options if I fall into the Medicaid gap?”
1. See if you’re eligible for Medicaid by filling out an application here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
2. If you apply for Medicaid and are denied, see if you qualify for subsidies for a Marketplace plan here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/marketplace/zip_code
3. If you have children, don’t forget that CHIP provides low-cost health insurance to children up to age 19 whose families earn too much to qualify for Medicaid in their state, but do not earn enough to be able to afford private insurance. In some places, CHIP also covers pregnant women. Every state runs and offers a CHIP insurance program for children.
I guess I am a part of the Medicaid gap. As of December 2019 I am no longer a medicaid recipient due to no children in my household. I have a list of medical conditions, the most importantly is my congestive heart failure. I have at least 4 specialty doctors for the other medical issues. Is this really the law? I have no income, I am awaiting a decision from social security. I am stuck with a low income clinic which doesn’t really help when I have no income. What do I do? Is there anything I can do?
Sorry to hear that. The Medicaid gap is really unfortunate. You could move to a state that has expanded Medicaid, or you could continue going to free and low-income clinics.
I have health some health issues that my doctor refers to as complex and should have made me eligible for Medicaid. My son is 32, but also IDD so why is that not taken in consideration? I have to care for him and it’s hard for me to do that with health issues I can’t afford. I’ve been going to community health program, but even with no income they keep going up on my sliding scale fees. If this continues I won’t even be able to afford that. It’s not up to my son’s disability to take care of me either as some people suggest. And I have applied for Medicaid for the last 6yra I’ve been in NC just to be denied or given family planning I can’t use because I had health issue that it was necessary to have a hysterectomy.
If you need help enrolling in health insurance, you can give us a call at 855.772.2663
I have Medicaid
I am a cancer patient and was going through a transplant but couldn’t go thru but I was denied medicaid or any insurance I get disability but no insurance.what do they have for people like me.
Unfortunately, there aren’t a lot of options for people in the Medicaid gap. You can find a free clinic near you – check out our post here to learn more: https://www.healthsherpa.com/blog/what-to-do-medicaid-gap/
I am 62 so I definitely fall into the Medicaid gap. I live in Georgia and have been denied Medicaid. I cannot afford those expensive insurance policies at all, my phone is blowing up with all these ridiculous premiums. It is so sad that you work all these years, but is denied help when you need it. In Georgia you have to be over 65, disabled, or blind to receive Medicaid, so basically you are on your own until age 65…..so sad!
I’m sorry to hear that you fall into the gap. We have some advice here on finding free clinics, fee-based providers, etc. if you fall into the gap: https://www.healthsherpa.com/blog/what-to-do-medicaid-gap/
my father is 82 lives in ga has copd on hospice i am his caregiver 24/7 he is bedridden our only income is 1525.00 his ssi. the only help we get is 294 in foodstamps & his medicare.
i also get told the income is over for household of 2
I’m sorry to hear that you’re in the Medicaid Gap. Try looking for a free clinic near you: https://blog.healthsherpa.com/free-or-low-cost-medical-care/
Also keep an eye on the Build Back Better legislation – if it’s passed, it would close the Medicaid Gap.
I am a single mom I work because I have to work I have to pay bills I have to pay rent I put the past two years I have been being told that I cannot get Medicaid because I work I am below the poverty line I have a growing child that grows out of clothes grows out of shoes and any time that I apply for my Medicaid I apply as a parent taking care of a minor child so how is it that I’m not being able to get Medicaid
Hello! You can apply for Medicaid here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
In some cases, your child can qualify for CHIP even if you don’t qualify for Medicaid. You can also call us if you need any help. (872) 228-2549
Thanks
No
My husband and I are on ssi by Texas law as I understand it it is mandatory ssi gets medicaid. When my ssi kicked in so did medicaid but when my husband got his ssi no medical was received. He has been bounced back and forth between HHS and ssi with either office blaming the other. In truth his original case manager really screwed his benefits up can you maybe give us advice in this situation. Thanks. Oh ya we live in texas
You can apply for Medicaid here: https://www.healthsherpa.com/medicaid
If you’ve already applied, then you’ll have to reach out to the Medicaid state office to see why the application wasn’t approved. We can help you apply, but approval is ultimately up the the state office.
I’m 57, moved back to MO in May 2021 and fall into the Medicaid gap. I have filed for SSD/SSI/DWB but it’s basically “on hold” until I can resume seeing doctors again. I have neurological (cervical) issues as well as chronic lower back pain due to an SI joint disorder as well as other issue. The only income I have is $2,615.88/mo. How am I supposed to afford $700 premiums?
Unfortunately, there’s not much you can do if you’re in the Medicaid gap. To qualify for ACA subsidies, you’d need an income at or above the federal poverty level, which would be $12,880 per year for an individual. $2,615 a month can put you there depending on your household size (https://blog.healthsherpa.com/federal-poverty-levels-fpl/). Here are some options for if you fall into the gap: https://blog.healthsherpa.com/what-to-do-medicaid-gap/
I worked about 20 minutes I’m getting all the information in the page disappeared and all my information with it….smh
Thank you.
I see several problems here.
One is the requirement to input personal information into a computer system where a person has ZERO ability to have said information DELETED nor the ability to control WHO can get the information.
This opens an individual up for abuses by both insurance companies and the government.
2021 I have coverage for a dependent age 19 who just started full time college.
I am on SS Disability and retirement disability.
The company that provided the disability retirement income is dropping all group health care coverages.
Medicare does not have family plans.
Dependent’s income is ZERO and lives in a Dorm in another city, full time.
ViaBenefits is WORTHLESS.
Keep getting the run-around. I keep telling them I have no phone and they keep telling me to CALL them.
I reported the access problem about their site (constant errors) and they still keep telling me to CALL THEM even though each time I communicate with them over email, I tell them I have no phone.
NO! I cannot ‘borrow’ someone’s phone either. Others want no part of it.
Additionally I have NO PHONE – everything must be a paper application or I cannot apply. And every dang place DEMANDS a phone or some kind of internet whereby they can track you and your computer (bad idea as this opens people up for MORE abuses and such).
Most web sites do not work for me either (portals, logins, similar) due to security measure put in place on my computer and internet.
Even this site allows for 3rd parties and others to access what people write here. Bad idea again.
Evidenced by the color bar at the left for social media.
I provide food and other things needed to survive for my dependent. They took out loans to pay for everything else EXCEPT health care insurance.
I still get to write them off on taxes even they are not part of my ‘household’.
And my income is insulated from prying eyes so to speak.
It is none of my dependent’s business what my income and sources are nor anyone else’s for that matter.
About the insurances – you get shafted no matter what you choose. It is ALL rigged.
$8700 deductible plus $210/mo premiums and copays vs high premiums and lower other costs.
IT QUICKLY BECOMES A WASH.
You will be stuck paying nearly the same totals no matter what your choices are.
Only extreme cases can actually benefit from the (UN) Affordable Health Care.
If you can take the risk, it is far far far cheaper to skip the insurance and pay as you go.
Even then, if you have none and income low enough, Welfare might kick in and pay.
Healthcare insurance is exactly like playing the ‘one armed bandits’.
Most of the time you LOSE. Rarely do you ever win.
There are new subsidies available this year, so it’s a lot more affordable. You can email us at support@healthsherpa.com to get personalized help that’s not through a phone.
I need health insurance
Necesito ayuda
Llamanos a (872) 228-2549
Who do you contact to get your state to take the government extension and why font they take it?
I’m not sure what you’re referring to, but you can contact your state Medicaid office if you have any questions.
I am not working but I need some insurance better go to the doctor
I live in Ks and because I make under $8000 a year at my part time job I fall under the medigap. Which means I have to pay full price for my insurance. I was paying $111 a month for my insurance but this month it went up to $887 a month. That is more than I even make a month. I am 53, don’t have any kids at home, and work as a bus attendant and only get an average of 20 hrs a week. Due to a non work related injury I was off work from May until last month when I started working part time in the office when needed since my injury keeps me from being able to do my bus route. I can not get the treatments or medications I need without insurance and if I can’t get the treatments I am looking at having to live in constant pain and possibly losing the use of my legs. What other options do I have to get insurance that I can afford. I can’t afford much over $100 a month. How is someone who is below poverty level and don’t qualify for Medicare get insurance so they can get the medical care they need? I am trying to apply for disability but it could take a couple of years before I get it if I qualify. What am I supposed to do until then? What are my options where I can get affordable health care with what I make a month so I can go to the doctor to get the treatments I need so I don’t end up losing the use of my legs and living in pain the rest of my life?
https://blog.healthsherpa.com/what-to-do-medicaid-gap/
Hi, my 23 year old son injured his Knee and now need surgery , has no income , part time student at collage , parents and 2nd son have medicaid in Florida , so my son is in medicaid Gap , we tried to get insurance through the market place they want $257 a month from a 23 years old Unemployed Student …!!!!!
So Frustrating it feels like we live in a third world country , what a shame for all American politicians for many years didn’t have the guts to shut down the healthcare insurance company’s by having a single payer healthcare yet a lot of country’s don’t have the money and power like the USA but they provide all there citizens with healthcare .
The Medicaid Gap is really hard. Here are some resources for your son: https://blog.healthsherpa.com/what-to-do-medicaid-gap/